On Friday, March 20, Fundación Cielos de Chile took part as one of the invited institutions at the ESO-ALMA Open Day 2026, celebrated in the framework of Astronomy Day. The event, which addressed topics such as light pollution and dark sky protection, is one of the most significant annual opportunities to bring astronomical knowledge to the general public.

From the start of the day, the facilities welcomed students from public schools across several communes of the Metropolitan Region. From 16:00 onwards, the doors opened to the general public with free activities including telescope-building workshops, a guided visit to the ALMA control room, a meteorite exhibition, and astronomy talks, among many others. Throughout the day, more than 600 people explored the facilities to learn about the progress and care of Chile’s astronomical heritage.

Light pollution knowledge for all ages

Fundación Cielos de Chile participated with a stand where families and students could learn about light pollution and the importance of protecting dark skies as a natural, scientific and cultural heritage. “For us, participating in these events is very important because we can work with all the families and people who approach us on raising awareness about light pollution,” explained Sofía Ramírez, Environmental Education Officer at the Foundation. “It is a problem that undoubtedly affects astronomical observation, but it also has other impacts, such as on biodiversity and human health. In these events, we can bring this sense of importance to people and help them understand how relevant Chile is in global astronomical observation,” she added.

“Being able to participate through a stand and a talk is very important, as it allows us to connect with people through conversation and explanation,” the professional continued. How is this achieved? The stand experience is designed to be engaging and playful: through a classic tic-tac-toe game, visitors learn about sources of light pollution. Another game introduces the migratory journey of storm petrels and how light pollution creates obstacles along their path. The content is presented in a concrete and accessible way, reaching people of all ages, helping them understand how light pollution is generated and what actions individuals and communities can take to reduce it and protect this globally unique heritage, essential for scientific and technological development.

Citizen action

In addition to the stand, the Foundation participated in the short talks programme with a presentation also delivered by Sofía Ramírez. The talk focused on how to use the Glowatch platform, which enables citizens to report sources of light pollution through citizen science.

For the Foundation, participating in this event is also an opportunity to remind families that the dark skies that make all this science possible require active protection, and that this is a shared responsibility.

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Entering the southern sector of Vitacura’s Bicentennial Park from the bright avenue of the same name creates a noticeable change in atmosphere when evening falls. Warm lights, contrasting with the cold glow of the streetlights, invite visitors to enter the 27-hectare park located along the eastern bank of the Mapocho River.

Small spotlights illuminate the access ramp, and beams of warm light bathe the long wall that runs parallel to the street. The route continues along paths whose lights perfectly outline the route for visitors without invading the green areas.

The entire project, which will be inaugurated in October, also includes lighting inside the playgrounds and low-level lanterns to discreetly illuminate the footpaths of the Del Muelle and Humedal lagoons, so as to indicate the way without disturbing the aquatic flora and fauna that live in their waters, such as black-necked swans, taguas, herons, triles, turtles, and fish.

None of this is random. The lighting design for the main park in the eastern sector of the Metropolitan Region, as well as that of Escrivá de Balaguer Park, located to the east, is the result of careful work by municipal professionals.

Lighting design in accordance with lighting standards

Behind the lighting of both parks are Eduardo Monsalve, head of the Public Lighting Department of the Municipality of Vitacura, Valerio Morales, and technician Nicolás Ravanal, who were joined in the initial stage by designer Ignacia Soto.

What began as a project for the Diploma in Lighting that Monsalve and Morales completed at the Catholic University was later evaluated and approved by the municipality for implementation. This resulted in two clear examples of urban lighting that combine safety for users, respect for biodiversity, and care for the dark skies.

“We wanted these two projects, located in emblematic parks in the municipality, to stand out from a lighting point of view by reducing artificial light pollution and for their positive impact on people’s health and biodiversity, which are the virtues sought by the New Lighting Regulations,” says Eduardo Monsalve.

Valerio Morales explains that in the case of Bicentennial Park, “we first developed a script that allowed us to define the lighting objectives, which can be summarized as the concept of light as the main guide for the experience,” giving meaning to the lighting. For this reason, the design considers differentiated lighting for walking through the park, marking the entrance, illuminating the playgrounds, and walking around the lagoons.

Lighting that provides safety

The design and modeling work for the lighting in both parks began with hand sketches and then moved on to the free DIALux evo software, which also allowed the luminaires offered by the bidders participating in the tender for their replacement to be simulated.

The professionals comment that their proposal was not without challenges, alluding to the fact that cold light, mostly used in public lighting, is often associated with greater brightness and safety. “We had the opportunity to empirically demonstrate the error of this belief, breaking the paradigm and adjusting to the new lighting regulations,” says Eduardo Monsalve.

“By modeling the lighting levels required by the standard, we were able to create very homogeneous lighting, controlling the lighting and technical factors at the design stage. And in practice, we confirmed that this allows you to feel safe when walking through the park. The dark areas that used to be there are no longer there, and you can easily see who is coming towards you from 50 meters away,” explains Valerio Morales. “And you can see everything that is happening around you clearly, which gives you that feeling of safety,” adds Monsalve.

The reception from neighbors has been very positive. “We have not received any complaints. Some have commented on the contrast between the cold light of the street and that of the parks, but once inside, they do not notice dark areas and their eyes adjust. When we explain that this lighting complies with the new regulations and that it exists to protect the environment, they understand and accept it,” concludes Nicolás Ravanal.

Valerio Morales (left) and Eduardo Monsalve are part of the Vitacura Municipality team in charge of the lighting design for both parks.

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Check out the best moments of PokeSTGO‘s Dark Skies Route held at Balmaceda Park in Providencia. On this tour, dozens of enthusiastic PokémonGO players joined in protecting the night skies by sending their reports of light pollution cases through the Glowatch tool.

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Since October 2023, new industrial projects seeking to locate in municipalities declared areas of interest for astronomical research must demonstrate the susceptibility of these areas to light pollution. And in the event of generating light pollution, they must enter the Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA in Spanish) through an Environmental Impact Study (EIA in Spanish).

A report by the Cielos de Chile Foundation reviewed 118 projects submitted in the 29 municipalities of the Antofagasta, Atacama, and Coquimbo regions that were declared Areas of Scientific and Research Value for Astronomical Observation by the Ministry of Science and that entered the SEIA between October 18, 2023—the date of publication of the New Lighting Standard—and June 30, 2025.

The study concluded that none of the projects submitted an Environmental Impact Assessment for their light pollution, “which implies that the mechanism is not protecting the quality of the night sky in these areas,” the document emphasizes.

Absence of lighting replacement plans

The projects analyzed are predominantly mining, energy, and electrical transmission projects, and most of them are located in “nearby” municipalities, which are those located less than 100 km from an astronomical site, as opposed to “distant” municipalities, which are located 100 km or more from the astronomical sites that define that area.

Of the total number of projects analyzed, 80 (68%) are or will be located in a nearby municipality.

Daniela González, executive director of the Cielos de Chile Foundation, explains that “the lighting regulation establishes that projects in areas of astronomical value must replace their lighting fixtures before October 2029 if they are located in nearby municipalities. Despite this, none of the projects located in any of these municipalities mention their replacement plan, arguing in many cases that they will not add new lighting fixtures.”

The municipalities with the highest number of projects reviewed are Antofagasta, with 15, and Taltal, with 14. The first is home to the Extreme Large Telescope (ELT) construction site and the second to the Paranal Observatory.

“By 2030, Chile is expected to account for 60% of the world’s astronomical observation capacity. The world’s leading research centers have made significant investments in northern Chile. It is essential to protect the dark skies in this area in order to safeguard this activity, which contributes to the formation of advanced human capital in the country and generates research that benefits all of humanity,” emphasizes Daniela González.

The main gaps in the information

According to the study, 81% of the projects reviewed include the luminosity component in their background information. However, 67% do not correctly define their area of influence. According to the report, the dimensions that should be included in EIAs are the extent, magnitude, and duration of the impact that the project could have on the night skies and how far the artificial brightness they emit could reach.

“Most projects include references to lighting regulations, but there is a diversity in the level of detail provided. It is common to find general references to regulatory compliance without an adequate definition of the area of influence in accordance with the guidelines established by the Environmental Assessment Service (SEA in Spanish),” explains Daniela González.

Of the 118 projects reviewed, 26 (22%) were approved during the period analyzed, meaning they have a favorable Environmental Qualification Resolution (RCA in Spanish).

However, she adds, “only two of these 26 projects defined an area of light influence and only one correctly applied the SEA guidelines, which means that most of the approved projects have been given the green light to be built and operated without fully knowing what their impact will be in terms of light.”

Another information gap has to do with the hours during which the lights will be on. A large number of projects claim that they will not generate light pollution, as they will not have night shifts and will only use lighting in specific cases when necessary.

“However, they do not specify in which cases they will use the lights, for how long, in which sectors, or what type of bulbs they will use,” warns González.

Aspects that urgently need improvement

“This report shows us that the incorporation of the light variable into environmental assessment is in the process of consolidation, but greater precision is still required to protect the night skies in this key area,” says the executive director of the Cielos de Chile Foundation.

In this vein, the report suggests measures to improve the mechanisms for measuring the possible impacts on the night sky, calling for the creation of documents through the SEA that allow for the unification of evaluation criteria, as well as specific methodologies to quantify the possible impact on sky quality in astronomical areas.

“To this end, one of the proposals we are promoting at the Cielos de Chile Foundation is to move towards the definition of a secondary standard for dark sky quality,” concludes Daniela González.

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On June 12, the Cielos de Chile Foundation took part in the environmental fair organized by the Municipality of Mejillones to mark World Environment Day. The activity focused on environmental education for children and young people and brought together various organizations with information stands on recycling, marine biodiversity, electromobility, and light pollution.

For Fernando Campos, the municipality’s director of Environment, Sanitation, and Beautification, the fair was an opportunity to broaden the community’s environmental focus and integrate new topics. “The idea was for students to learn a little bit about each area: PET recycling, wood, composting, local wildlife, and also the impact of artificial light on the environment, with the help of the Cielos de Chile Foundation,” he explained.

Although this was the first collaboration between the Foundation and the municipality, Fernando envisions a long-term joint effort. “We were interested in adding the expert perspective of the Cielos de Chile Foundation so that the community understands that light also pollutes. These types of activities help us raise awareness of this problem,” he added.

Daniela González, executive director of the Cielos de Chile Foundation, appreciated the municipality’s interest in including this issue in its environmental agenda: “We are happy to see that Mejillones is opening spaces for conversation about light pollution and its impact. These instances allow us to bring the issue closer to the local community and reinforce that the night sky also needs protection. We believe this is just the beginning of a very promising collaborative effort.”

The reality of the municipality

In Mejillones, the effects are already being felt on local biodiversity. One of the most notable cases for the municipality’s residents is that of the sea swallow, a protected species that arrives in the coastal area and becomes disoriented by the city’s white lights. “There are times of the year when we see them being hit by the lights, and that worries the community,” said Fernando Campos. This bird, like other marine and coastal species, is affected by artificial light that alters its orientation.

Although it is not easy to see the starry sky from the urban center of Mejillones, in more remote areas, high-quality skies are still preserved. This has sparked the interest of some residents in developing activities related to astro-tourism. “They are more enthusiastic than anything else, but there is potential. The north is good for that,” said Fernando Campos.

New lighting regulations

Under the new lighting regulations, Mejillones is classified as a nearby commune due to its proximity to the Paranal astronomical observatories and the future ELT in the Antofagasta Region. This category means that lighting must comply with stricter requirements.

But the implementation of these measures is not without its challenges. According to Fernando Campos, one of the main points of tension is the perception of safety among residents. “The new lights have a warmer, amber tone, and that causes concern. Some people believe that they provide less light, and that’s where we need to work hard on education,” he emphasized.

However, given the history of the community, Fernando points out that there is awareness of environmental issues. “The community is very aware of environmental issues, and I think that if you explain it well, they will understand that this change also improves their health and that of the ecosystems,” he said.

The municipality’s director of Environment, Sanitation, and Beautification emphasizes that the Municipality hopes to continue carrying out educational activities with Fundación Cielos de Chile, as well as connecting local actors interested in astro-tourism so that they better understand the importance of the night sky as natural and cultural heritage. “We want to continue working together and for more people to understand that protecting the night also means caring for the environment,” he said.

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From Spain, the Slowlight movement promotes a cultural shift around darkness and the way we light cities. Its co-founder, Coque Alcázar, seeks to promote public management of the night and highlights Chile as a role model for international organizations.

On March 27, just seventeen kilometers from Seville, a group of professionals from various disciplines gathered in the city of Alcalá de Guadaíra to attend the Slowlight 2025 Congress. This event addressed the issue of light pollution from the perspectives of urban planning, lighting design, science, the arts, and other fields. It was organized by Slowlight, an initiative originating in Spain and led by Coque Alcázar and Raquel Valiño.

Since 2001, Coque Alcázar has served as a municipal industrial engineer in the city council of La Coruña, in Galicia. Over these 24 years, he has closely observed how public lighting systems operate and their challenges. One of the key moments that sparked his interest in the issue was when his own family was affected by intrusive light entering their home. That discomfort, combined with a non-conformist attitude, led him and Raquel to publish the Slowlight Manifesto in 2020. “The manifesto was incredibly well received. We realized we had taken an important step and founded the Slowlight association,” he added.

The Role of Public Officials and Regulations

Drawing from his experience in public administration, Coque Alcázar believes that transforming urban lighting requires both political and technical will. “I believe that countries—at all levels, from local councils to provincial governments, regional authorities, and the national government—should have unified regulations. Chile is showing us the way,” he said, referring to the new lighting standard.

In his view, public officials have an active role in lighting management: “They must ensure the system works, consumes little energy, is safe, and at the same time produces as little light pollution as possible.” While he acknowledges that a complete replacement of polluting fixtures requires investment, he emphasizes that many low-cost actions can make a difference: “You can adjust lighting schedules, add shielding to luminaires. There are many things a municipal technician can start doing without much money.”

Why Should the Night Reclaim Its Role?

What began as a project to reduce light pollution by rethinking how we light public spaces has become a movement to restore the cultural value of the night. “We believe that humans have become disconnected from the night and therefore from darkness. What we’re doing is creating a movement to know it, interpret it, feel it, value it, and, through that, help protect it,” said the Slowlight co-founder.

When asked why the night should reclaim its role, Coque is clear: “Because we can’t be sustainable without our night.” He explains that the night is a key factor for human health and for ecosystems. Slowlight, he says, aims to educate and raise awareness about the public value and management of the night. “The night holds engines of activity, of rest, of public health, of landscape, among other things,” he added.

How Slowlight Works in Spain

Today, in addition to its founders, Slowlight includes a network of more than thirty collaborators from various disciplines who have launched different projects across Spain. One of their most notable initiatives is Slowlight Kids, which began with a series of workshops in a school for children aged 9 to 12. “The project aims to help children understand what light is, what darkness is, how light affects living beings, and the impacts of light pollution—through play and emotion. It starts in the classroom, but then we go on night walks with the families, so it’s also oriented toward the home, neighborhood, and city,” he explained.

To date, over 700 children in Spain have participated in these workshops. The Slowlight team is now working on a new step: launching a European-level project to strengthen school curricula related to the night and lighting.

The organization also offers consulting services to approach the night as a social, environmental, and tourism resource, advising various regions and public administrations on responsible lighting practices. Among its next goals is to create a label for best practices in nighttime landscape, recognizing public or private entities that make progress in this area, and consolidating a network of organizations committed to Slowlight’s principles.

An Open Invitation to the World

Looking ahead, the movement’s co-founder envisions an organic expansion of the initiative. “We’re happy to share our vision. I’d love for someone to lead the Slowlight movement in Chile or other parts of the world and help it grow,” he concluded.

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Lighting Design

Lighting is not just about switching on a light. Good lighting design means planning what to illuminate, how, when, and for what purpose. In a world increasingly affected by energy waste, pollution, and biodiversity loss, responsible lighting design is more necessary than ever.

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Direction

All fixtures should be designed so that the beam of light is directed toward the surface or object being lit — not toward the sky or into people’s eyes. It is essential to use fully shielded luminaires that control the emission angle and reduce the loss of useful light.

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Intensity

The human eye adapts to different light levels by regulating the amount of light entering it, allowing us to see even in dim conditions. Appropriate light intensity is that which allows us to perceive shapes, colors, and movement without causing visual discomfort.

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Control

Good lighting is not just about brightness, but about purpose. The principle of control reminds us to light only when needed. Today’s technology makes it easier than ever to dim, switch off, or time lighting for when it’s truly necessary. Light should be used where it’s needed, when it’s needed, and in the right amount.

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Color

Choosing the right color temperature is key to environmentally and health-conscious lighting. Artificial cold light at night disrupts the biological rhythms of all living beings, including humans. To avoid these harmful effects, choose warm-colored outdoor lighting and follow responsible lighting guidelines.

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Usefulness

This principle encourages lighting only when it serves a clear function. To avoid wasting light, prevent it from reflecting off other surfaces, make sure it’s not visually disruptive, and ensure it doesn’t intrude into neighboring areas.

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Astronomer Mark Phillips, a pioneer in the protection of dark skies in Chile, joined the Chilean Academy of Sciences this month. In an interview with The Skies of Chile Foundation, he reflects on his career, key milestones in his research, and the future of astronomy in the country.

Mark Phillips came to astronomy almost by chance. While studying Physics at university, his sister took an astronomy class and asked for his help. After reading the course textbook, he was fascinated and decided to change the course of his career. Years later, he would go on to lead Cerro Tololo Observatory and be named Emeritus Director of Las Campanas Observatory, cementing a career of more than four decades in Chile.

“There were no longer many good places for astronomy in the United States due to light pollution. When I was finishing my PhD, an astronomer working at Cerro Tololo told us about Chile and its privileged conditions for observation,” Phillips recalled. In 1977, he arrived in the country with a two-year postdoctoral fellowship, and after a brief stay in Australia, he settled permanently in Chile.

On Wednesday, March 26, Phillips was inducted into the Chilean Academy of Sciences, a recognition of his more than 40-year career in astronomy. “It’s a tremendous honor. I’m not Chilean, I don’t have the nationality, but I feel more than half Chilean. I’ve lived here for 46 years—most of my life. Being recognized in Chile is an unexpected privilege,” he said.

Milestones in Astronomy

Throughout his career, Phillips has made key contributions to the study of supernovae—stellar explosions that are crucial to understanding the expansion of the universe. His most recognized work is the Phillips Relation, which allowed a specific type of supernova (Type Ia) to be used as a precise tool for measuring cosmic distances.

Perhaps the most important milestone in his career came as part of the Calán-Tololo Project, alongside astronomers Mario Hamuy, José Maza, and Nicholas Suntzeff. Their work helped develop a methodology for measuring the deceleration of the universe—only to discover that the universe was not slowing down but expanding at an accelerating rate.

Fighting Light Pollution

Phillips’ contribution to astronomy in Chile goes beyond academia—he was one of the pioneers in raising concerns about increasing light pollution. “I’ve witnessed how the skies have changed. When I arrived, La Serena and Coquimbo were small cities with much less artificial lighting. Urban growth changed that,” he explained.

In the 1990s, along with other astronomers, he worked on Chile’s first light pollution regulation, enacted in 2002, which significantly reduced upward light emissions. However, with economic growth and the spread of LED technology, new regulations became necessary. “Now we have one of the best lighting regulations in the world, but without effective enforcement, they’ll remain just words on paper. Public awareness is key, and The Skies of Chile Foundation is a fundamental tool for raising awareness among the public and government,” he emphasized.

The Future of Astronomy in Chile

Although Phillips retired from observatory work in 2021, he remains active in research and in efforts to combat light pollution. “Chile is still the future of astronomy—as long as we protect our skies. The largest telescope in the world is being built here,” he added.

He is optimistic about the next generation of astronomers: “It’s amazing to see so many young people interested in astronomy. It’s not just Professor Maza—he laughs—I have friends whose children and grandchildren are studying astronomy. It’s a fascinating science, and its impact on Chile could be enormous for the development of science as a whole.”

With a career that transformed our understanding of the universe and a pivotal role in protecting Chile’s dark skies, Mark Phillips remains committed to a future where Chile leads global astronomy. “As astronomers, we must defend places where there are dark skies. We cannot be neutral in this,” he concluded.

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Gabriela López is the new director of the Office for the Protection of the Quality of the Sky of Northern Chile. The expert will work to promote the implementation of lighting regulations, address the impacts of industrial projects, and raise awareness about the importance of dark skies.

In 2000, the main international observatories operating in the country gathered to create the Office for the Protection of the Quality of the Sky of Northern Chile (OPCC), in response to the advance of light pollution due to the growth of cities and towns near their areas. The organization also had the support of the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Chilean Astronomical Society, and later the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) joined.

After twenty-five years since its creation, its mission remains: to protect the dark sky of Chile’s astronomical regions from the advance of light pollution. Recently, Gabriela López, an engineer in Natural Resources who has developed her career in the energy industry and territorial work, assumed the role of the new director of the OPCC.

The new director is confident that her broad vision and interdisciplinary experience will add value to the organization. “I am happy to join this world. I believe it is also important to have other perspectives and form interdisciplinary work teams, because that is where other aspects of this issue are identified,” she commented.

Short-term priorities

Over the years, the OPCC has supported the creation of various lighting regulations in the country and has provided technical advice to public and private organizations in the area. In the short term, López identifies three priority areas: first, working with local institutions to comply with the new lighting regulations, for which the development of local suppliers with certified lighting will be key.

A second point is to carry out monitoring of light pollution in the region. “Although each observatory takes its own measurements, our idea is to unify these results to generate comparable data over time,” she explained. Additionally, a third focus will be to highlight and raise a new point of discussion regarding the impact of satellites on astronomical observation.

Sources of light pollution in the northern area

The advance of certain activities poses a significant challenge for the dark skies of northern Chile. A study conducted by the University of Antofagasta showed that lighting with a higher presence of blue light, such as those installed in paddle courts and sports facilities, have become major reflectors of light pollution in cities.

The new director of the OPCC agrees that these spaces are a significant point of light pollution in the area, but she also mentions small and medium-sized mining operations. “There is a risk that these projects will increasingly approach the areas where the observatories are located,” she warned.

She also mentions the installation of future energy projects, especially in Antofagasta, Mejillones, and Taltal, which aim to turn these locations into hubs for green hydrogen production. “Our goal from the OPCC is to be alert to the light impact this may have on the area, so we are constantly reviewing the projects that enter the SEA,” she stated.

The Cielos de Chile Foundation will work collaboratively with the OPCC to monitor the projects located in the northern area of the country, in order to support institutions in complying with outdoor lighting regulations.

How will the northern skies be protected?

Gabriela López is optimistic about the new lighting regulations that began operating in October of this year, with the most protected areas located in the northern communes. However, she notes that one of the biggest challenges lies in forming technical teams to design lighting projects in accordance with the regulations. “Professionals need to be trained to develop a design suitable for the New Lighting Standard,” she emphasized.

Another important goal is to ensure that municipalities implement the changes in less than the five years allowed by the regulations, for which it is necessary to raise awareness among local authorities. “There is a public demand for more illuminated streets to feel safe, and it is vital to balance these demands with the protection of the dark sky,” she concluded.

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